Day 8 of 11 — Class 8

Wind & Seismic Loads
BNBC · Reactions

Add lateral loads to the Day 7 building frame. Calculate BNBC wind pressure and seismic base shear, apply them as story forces, and read lateral drift and base reactions.

BNBC 2020 Wind Load Seismic Base Shear Lateral Drift
01 — Why

Why lateral loads are the hardest part

Gravity is predictable — it always acts downward and scales with area and weight. Lateral loads depend on building height, shape, location, and soil type. Getting them wrong can mean a building that passes gravity checks but fails under a moderate earthquake.

BNBC 2020 — Wind

Design Wind Pressure

p = qz · G · Cp · Iw
where qz = 0.613 Kz V² (Pa). Bangladesh basic wind speed V = 200–260 km/h depending on zone.

BNBC 2020 — Seismic

Equivalent Static Base Shear

V = Sa · W / R
Sa from response spectrum, W = seismic weight, R = response modification factor. Bangladesh Zone II–IV.

02 — Concept

How lateral forces are distributed up the building

BNBC uses the Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) method: the total base shear V is distributed to each floor as a story force proportional to that floor's height and weight.

Story Force Distribution — BNBC Eq. 2.5.7
Fx = Cvx · V    where    Cvx = wxhxk / Σwihik
Content Coming Soon Visual: inverted triangle force pattern for wind. Why taller floors get more force. What k = 1 vs k = 2 means (period-dependent). How the forces create overturning moment at the base.
03 — Walkthrough

Step-by-step: Add lateral loads to Day 7 model

Open your Day 7 building frame. Add wind and seismic load cases.

01

Calculate wind pressure by story

For each story height z, compute qz = 0.613 Kz V². Apply as a uniform pressure on the windward face (tributary area per story). Wind zone: use Dhaka V = 210 km/h as default.

02

Apply wind as story point loads

Convert face pressure × tributary height → kN per floor. Apply as joint loads at each floor level on the windward column grid. Apply in +X and −X directions (two separate load patterns: WINDX+, WINDX−).

03

Define seismic mass source

Define → Mass Source → From Loads: 1.0×DEAD + 0.25×LIVE (BNBC). This tells ETABS what the building weighs for seismic calculations.

04

Add equivalent static seismic load

Define → Load Patterns → SEISMICX (type: Seismic). Set BNBC 2020: Zone factor Z, soil type, R factor, and I (importance). ETABS auto-calculates story forces.

05

Define BNBC load combinations

Key combos: 1.2D + 1.0L + 1.0W (wind governs); 1.2D + 1.0L + 1.0E (seismic governs); 0.9D ± 1.0W (check uplift). Run and compare drift.

06

Check story drift

Display → Show Deformed Shape (wind combo). Story drift ratio = Δ/h must be ≤ H/400 (BNBC serviceability). If drift exceeds limit, columns/shear walls are too flexible.

04 — Check Yourself

Wind & seismic calculator

Compute base shear and story forces before running ETABS — then verify the software matches.

BNBC Calculator Coming Soon (Svelte) Inputs: building height, floor area, dead load intensity, live load, wind zone, seismic zone, R factor, soil type.
Outputs: base shear V, story forces F₁–Fₙ, overturning moment at base.